quantitative and qualitative studies

Directions: There are 2 discussions. Respond to each discussion. Read, review, and then
comment on them. You might suggest some other ideas or sources…, Or you might suggest
a different way to think about the question and why you think that way. If you have
external sources other than what is given in the course, please cite and reference APA 7.
Please do a 0.5-1 page response
Discussion 1:osten
The theory of biopsychosocial method in clinical practice is an expansion from treating a
diagnosis to treating a person. Basically, rather than treating someone for a spinal cord
injury resulting in paraplegia, treatment is going to be for the spinal injury, the
psychological well-being of the patient, and counseling for family and friends. This is a
social science theory alongside a clinical practice theory because it introduces a
correlative mesh between the two. My intent is to apply this into research by attempting
to determine if cognitive behavioral therapy impacts physical recovery timetables in
workplace injuries.
Brief Battery for Health Improvement – 2: This independent variable is a screening
method at the onset of an injury to determine if psychosocial antecedents are present that
may correlate to biomedical recovery times.
Injury Diagnosis and Prognosis: This is an independent variable and will vary how long
each individual is expected to recover from their injury, measured in days.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Based on screening results of the BBHI-2, injured
employees will either test negative or positive for interventions. If positive, therapy will
be offered. This makes this variable dependent on the results of the screen.
Confounding Variables: The individual occupation is a confounding variable, as an
accountant is better prepared to perform work with an ankle fracture than a construction
worker. Hypertension, diabetes, nicotine use, age, and a multitude of other preexisting
biomedical diagnoses are also confounding variables in the expected recovery times of
physical injury.
Discussion 2: Deji
Think about your own field or a research study of interest. What are examples of
independent, dependent, intervening/mediating, moderating, control, and confounding
variables?
Independent Variables are factors that are believed to influence corporate social
responsibility practices. Examples include:
Industry type (e.g., manufacturing vs. service)
Firm size
Global presence
Investor pressure for social responsibility
Government regulations on social responsibility
Dependent Variables: These are the outcomes or results that are influenced by corporate
social responsibility practices. Examples include:
Environmental performance (e.g., pollution levels, resource use)
Social impact (e.g., community development, labor practices)
Public image and reputation
Consumer behavior towards the company
Financial performance (debated whether cause or effect)
Intervening/Mediating Variables: These variables act as a link between the independent
and dependent variables, explaining how the independent variable influences the
dependent variable. Examples include:
Management commitment to social responsibility
Corporate social responsibility strategy and policies
Employee engagement in social responsibility initiatives
Moderating Variables: These variables affect the strength or direction of the relationship
between the independent and dependent variables. Examples include:
National culture
Level of economic development
Strength of civil society
Control Variables: These are extraneous variables that are statistically controlled for to
isolate the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. Examples
include:
Firm age
Geographic location
Confounding Variables: These are variables that are related to both the independent and
dependent variables, making it difficult to isolate the true effect of the independent
variable. Examples include:
Media coverage of corporate social responsibility issues
Recent environmental disasters
Considering Theory in Your Research on Corporate Social Responsibility
Consider a research project you are conducting or are interested in conducting. How
would you incorporate theory into your research?
Research Focus: How do small businesses in developing countries integrate social
responsibility into their operations? Theoretical Lens: To explore this phenomenon, I
would use the institutional theory, which posits that organizations adopt practices
deemed legitimate within their institutional environment. This lens would enable me to
investigate how social norms and expectations around social responsibility shape small
businesses’ actions. Data Collection: To gather insights, I would conduct interviews with
small business owners and employees to understand their perceptions and practices
related to social responsibility. Analysis: I would analyze the interview data to identify
recurring themes and patterns that shed light on how these businesses incorporate social
responsibility into their operations.
How is social science theory used in research?
Social science theory functions as a potent instrument for investigating the intricate
aspects of human conduct and social systems, serving as a valuable tool for researchers to
comprehend and analyze these phenomena. In other words, it llows researchers to ask
insightful questions, collect meaningful data, and ultimately, explain and make sense of
the social world around us.