HIS 274 test 1

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Question 1 (2 points)

The medieval idea that Christians took the place of

Jews

as God’s chosen people is known as the:

Question 1 options:

[removed]

Aryan supremacy myth

Crusader ideal

Supersession Myth

Christian inheritance myth

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Question 2 (2 points)

A preconceived negative & unfavorable opinion formed against ‘another’ person or group, based on a stereotype, & held in disregard of the facts; suspicion, intolerance, or irrational hatred of other races, creeds,

religion

s, ethnic groups, homosexuals, the poor, immigrants, etc.

Question 2 options:

[removed]

Preference

Prejudice

Scapegoat

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Question 3 (2 points)

Jews are not a race, as stated by the Nazis, but people who adhered to ______, a system of laws, religion and culture of the Jews; with its concept of ethical/moral conduct monotheism, had a major influence on Christianity, Islam, and Western civilization

Question 3 options:

[removed]

Paganism

Judaism

Buddhism

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Question 4 (2 points)

In Latin Christendom, resentment and hatred was focused on the stereotype of the Jew possessed by the Devil, having tails and horns, and symbol of Satan, because Christians saw Jews as murderers of Christ, using Christian children’s blood for religious ceremonies, and poisoning wells; this imagery of the Jew as Satan/the Devil, derives at first from

Question 4 options:

[removed]

in the Middle Ages

[removed]

Christian	antisemitism
Modern political antisemitism in the 19th century
Himmler’s diary

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Question 5 (2 points)

Because Jews refused to change their ways and convert during the Middle Ages, non-Jews wondered what they should do about them. “What should we do about this Jewish minority among us?” became:

Question 5 options:

[removed]

The “Jewish Question”

The “Minority Question”

The “Antisemitic Question”

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Question 6 (2 points)

A town areas where Jews were segregated in the 16th century

Question 6 options:

[removed]

The Jewish Quarter

Ghetto

The Jewish area

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Question 7 (2 points)

In his booklet Of the Jews and Their Lies, __________ proposed to set on fire synagogues

Question 7 options:

[removed]

Calvin

Luther

Hitler

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Question 8 (2 points)

From the end of the 18th c. & 19th c., and following the

French

Revolution and conquests

Question 8 options:

[removed]Jews

achieved emancipation – legal

ity in most European lands

[removed]

equal

Jews left the ghetto & became successful entrepreneurs, bankers, lawyers

a & b

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Question 9 (2 points)

Modern antisemitism has the following contributing factors

Question 9 options:

[removed]

[removed]a & b

The 19th c. exclusive romantic movement emphasizing an exclusive nationalism

Racial nationalism, & the class antagonism deriving from modern capitalism

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Question 10 (2 points)

In France, in 1886, Edouard Drumont published one of the best-sellers of the 2nd half of the 19th c.,

Jewish France

, which argued that the Jews had gained control of France, blamed the Jews for capitalism, attributed all the nation’s misfortunes to the Jews, & accused them of deicide. In 1894, this Jewish officer in the French army was falsely accused of treason

Question 10 options:

[removed]

Alfred	Dreyfus
The Baron of Rothschild
Theodor	Herzl

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Question 11 (2 points)

In Poland, around the middle of the 18th c., in the context of the Haidamak riots -attacks of Ukrainian peasants against Jews, and dozens of blood libels, a new mystical movement with joyful worship, arose within Judaism, founded by Israel Ba’al Shem Tov (Besht)

Question 11 options:

[removed]

Hassidism

the joyful movement

the mystical movement

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Question 12 (2 points)

Austrian Jewish journalist, who, horrified by the antisemitism he witnessed in Paris during the 1894 trial of a French Jewish officer, founded Zionism – Jewish national movement, for a return to Zion, symbolic name to the historic homeland of the Jews

Question 12 options:

[removed]

[removed]Herzl[removed]Dreyfus

Barak

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Question 13 (2 points)

In the 19th c., the German Romantic ‘Volkish’ movement excluded the Jews as strangers and second-class citizens, because

Question 13 options:

[removed]

ity

[removed]

[removed]a & b

It evoked the image of a mythical golden past, with a supposed	superior
It produced an idealization of the Middle Ages with Christian knights

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Question 14 (2 points)

The belief that race in the 19th c., accounts for differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others; discrimination or prejudice based on race.

Question 14 options:

[removed]

[removed]antisemitism

ethnocentrism
	racism

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Question 15 (2 points)

German composer (1813-83) who fueled racial difference theory; expressed a German nationalistic terminology called volkisch (people-integral nation), in racist terms

Question 15 options:

[removed]

	Richard Wagner
Chopin
Strauss

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Question 16 (2 points)

Racialist volkish thinkers claimed that the German race was purer than, and therefore superior to, all other races, that

Question 16 options:

[removed]

[removed]a & b

Intermarriage between races was contamination

Jews were international conspirators plotting to dominate the world

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Question 17 (2 points)

In the 19th c., a traditional, biased Christian perception of Jews and Judaism was supplemented by national-racial considerations. In mid-19th c., this Frenchman, Arthur de Gobineau, published Essay on the Inequality of Human Races; this author saw in what he called the ‘Aryan’ race -blond, tall, blue-eyed, a cultural people ___________ to the others

Question 17 options:

[removed]superior[removed]

[removed]equal

inferior

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Question 18 (5 points)

Modern German antisemitism was based on

Question 18 options:

[removed]religion[removed]

[removed]racism

[removed]

nationalism, racism, & false racial theories

a and c

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Question 19 (2 points)

Whereas Christian anti-Judaism believed that through conversion, Jews could escape the curse of their religion, racial antisemites said that Jews were indelibly stained & condemned

Question 19 options:

[removed]

Because they are guilty of deicide

By their genes: their evil derived from inherited racial characteristics

a and b

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Question 20 (2 points)

Antisemitism: ‘modern,’ ‘scientific’ term for Jew-hatred & anti-Jewish movement and ideology, in a secular society; (calling Jews a physically and mentally inferior group); this term was first coined & used by this German racial thinker____, in 1879

Question 20 options:

[removed]Richard Wagner

[removed]

Wilhelm Marr

Alfred Dreyfus

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Question 21 (2 points)

German land, in the end of the 19th century, saw the rise of political anti-Semitism (using Jews as scapegoat for political & economic problems in order to gain political power); the radical right in political parties

Question 21 options:

[removed]

[removed]a & b

Saw Jew-hatred as a popular formula for mobilizing all social classes

Manufactured the myth of the wicked Jew

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Question 22 (2 points)

In the 1920s, the Nazis exploited this book, ____________________, a notorious forgery and a myth about a Jewish conspiracy to take over the world, to justify persecution of the Jews.

Question 22 options:

[removed]

[removed]Jewish France[removed]

The Protocols of the Elders of Zion

The Jewish Conspiracy

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Question 23 (2 points)

This famous forgery about an international Jewish plot to rule the world, was introduced to the US by

Question 23 options:

[removed]

Franklin Roosevelt

Henry Ford

Harry Truman

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Question 24 (4 points)

On June 28, 1919, the ____ signed with Germany, ended WWI – the Great War, & had profound & far-reaching impact on the infant German republic that had to pay heavy reparations.

Question 24 options:

[removed]

Treaty of Berlin

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of verdun

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Question 25 (2 points)

The Germans hated the 1919 Treaty ending World War I, because of article 231:

Question 25 options:

[removed]

The ‘Proud Clause’ proclaiming the victory of the Allies

The ‘War Guilt Clause’ blaming them for causing the war

The “War Reparations Clause”

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Question 26 (2 points)

According to this treaty, Germany also lost her colonies and large portions of German territory: Alsace-Lorraine to France, and section of Prussia to the new

Question 26 options:

[removed]

[removed]French

state

[removed]

Polish state

Italian state

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Question 27 (2 points)

After the Great War (World War I), Friedrich Ebert, the leader of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) proclaimed the establishment of a German democratic state known as ___________________; it was the first time democracy came to Germany; this government which preceded that of

the Nazi party

, lasted 14 years, 1919-1933.

Question 27 options:

[removed]

Republic, new government of the extreme right

[removed]

The Weimar Republic, new government of the moderate Left.
The		Kaiser
The Kaiser Republic, new government of the extreme left

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Question 28 (2 points)

In 1919, Germany was a centralized democratic state ruled by a Reichstag (Parliament); the president appointed the leader of the majority party in the Reichstag as

Question 28 options:

[removed]Kaiser[removed]

[removed]

Chancellor

Fuhrer

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Question 29 (2 points)

General Ludendorff explained that the German army was defeated in 1918 by Democrats, Catholic Center party, Socialists and Jews, by an internal enemy; this ______ legend was used by Hitler and the Nazis to undermine the new German democratic government.

Question 29 options:

[removed]

stab in the back

stab in the ankle

Jewish stab

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Question 30 (2 points)

Major Ernst Rohm, typical Freikorps, became leader of the Nazi brown Storm Troops (Sturmabteilung – paramilitary armed formation of the right, composed of vigilantes war veterans, founded by Hitler to protect party gatherings) or the

Question 30 options:

[removed]SA[removed]SM[removed]

NST

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Question 31 (2 points)

After Hitler joined a small Volkisch party in 1919, the name of the party was changed to the National Socialist German Worker’s party – the Nationalsozialisticsche Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, NSDAP – or

Question 31 options:

[removed]the Nazi party[removed]

[removed]

the Deutsche party

the NDA party

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Question 32 (2 points)

While in prison, Hitler wrote the first volume of

Mein Kampf

Question 32 options:

[removed]

My Struggle

My dream

My country

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Question 33 (5 points)

Hitler’s goal was to create a vast empire, based on racial nationalism, ruled by a master race

Question 33 options:

[removed]

A 1000-year Reich

A 100-year empire

A 100-year Reich

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Question 34 (5 points)

Hitler and the Nazis believed that: the Aryans, being a superior race, were meant by nature to rule over the rest of the earth, and are entitled to take others’ land; Germany must find ___________ – living space -, for the superior German culture and people.

Question 34 options:

[removed]

[removed]Mein Kampf[removed]

Lebensraum

Blitzkrieg

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Question 35 (2 points)

_______would emerge out of a radical right-wing ultra nationalist politics; it was the totalitarian racist ideology and policies, espoused by Hitler and his National Socialist German Worker’s Party’s from 1920-45

Question 35 options:

[removed]

Nazism

Fascism

Consservatism

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Question 36 (5 points)

New York stock Exchange collapsed in 1929; unemployment was high; the extremist parties were more attractive because of this worldwide economic crisis: _____

Question 36 options:

[removed]

the Great Depression

the Great Inflation

The Great Economic Crisis

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Question 37 (2 points)

Nazi propaganda tied the nonhuman _____ to ‘internationalism,’ and blamed them for all the evils of the world, democracy, inflation, unemployment, political instability and Communism, as well as Germany’s defeat in the Great War.

Question 37 options:

[removed]

[removed]Jews[removed]French

Slavs

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Question 38 (5 points)

The Nazi Party Platform and Nazi propaganda were

Question 38 options:

[removed]

Anti-Versailles Treaty – attacked the ‘November criminals,’ against reparations

Anti-Bolshevik, anti-liberal, anti-democratic, racist and antisemitic

For idea of nationalism & volkisch ideology

All the above

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Question 39 (2 points)

Nazi propaganda depicted Hitler as a savior sent by destiny, and promising

Question 39 options:

[removed]

[removed]a & b

Economic recovery – putting an end to the hyperinflation

To regain Germany’s ‘proper place’ – restoring Germany’s strength & pride

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Question 40 (5 points)

In 1932, the right-wing elites, industrial magnates, landed aristocrats, military establishment, & higher bureaucrats believed that Hitler would save Germany and their positions from a Communist takeover. On Jan. 30, 1933,

President

Hindenburg agreed to allow Hitler to become

Question 40 options:

[removed]President[removed]

[removed]Kaiser

Chancellor and create a new government

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