Activity d

Activity I– A manager claims that increases in advertising expenditure will surely raise the firm’s profits, citing his sense that people find the firm’s ads entertaining.

1. Sketch how you might refute this claim using:A theoretical argumentData
2. Why might the refutation using data be more convincing?

Activity II – A grocery store manager is interested in the data-generating process for her store’s weekly soda sales. She believes factors impacting these sales include price, product placement, and whether the week contains a holiday. Write out a formal representation of the data-generation process for weekly soda sales that incorporates these and additional factors.

Activity III – Access the dataset Sales and Costs.xlsx (See the attached) and answer the following questions.

1. Calculate these descriptive statistics.Mean of salesVariance of materials costsCovariance of labor costs and materials costsMean of labor costsTotal sales
2. Calculate at least two more descriptive statistics for this dataset.

Region Sales
Labor Costs Materials Costs
1 $2,070,279.00 $59,313.00
$25,489.00
2 $2,253,758.00 $84,294.00
$24,159.00
3 $1,158,833.00 $61,570.00
$27,903.00
4 $1,916,107.00 $75,704.00
$26,936.00
5 $2,209,766.00 $73,411.00
$20,282.00
6 $1,344,758.00 $58,071.00
$27,327.00
7 $1,525,285.00 $63,391.00
$20,948.00
8 $2,101,502.00 $71,228.00
$22,553.00
9 $2,343,835.00 $63,438.00
$26,483.00
10 $1,965,095.00 $61,898.00
$18,493.00
11 $1,426,194.00 $85,093.00
$28,694.00
12 $2,029,357.00 $59,075.00
$27,439.00
13 $986,042.00 $78,975.00
$26,713.00
14 $1,901,358.00 $86,003.00
$25,048.00
15 $1,465,856.00 $86,628.00
$27,959.00
16 $1,339,142.00 $66,014.00
$20,393.00
17 $1,200,863.00 $57,088.00
$20,524.00
18 $1,295,627.00 $68,377.00
$26,861.00
19 $892,951.00 $63,295.00
$23,854.00
20 $1,781,455.00 $68,708.00
$17,651.00
21 $2,004,767.00 $72,406.00
$24,306.00
22 $1,806,366.00 $66,453.00
$25,955.00
23 $1,589,468.00 $73,428.00
$25,793.00
24 $1,417,498.00 $80,573.00
$27,410.00
25 $1,007,695.00 $71,824.00
$27,023.00
26 $2,047,287.00 $58,911.00
$19,564.00
27 $633,691.00 $70,385.00
$18,798.00
28 $1,498,891.00 $78,440.00
$27,471.00
29 $845,502.00 $56,672.00
$28,614.00
30 $1,326,477.00 $85,644.00
$22,815.00
31 $2,269,852.00 $80,518.00
$21,864.00
32 $2,355,777.00 $64,302.00
$17,614.00
33 $537,921.00 $67,073.00
$18,759.00
34 $1,795,804.00 $87,295.00
$22,673.00
35 $1,135,573.00 $70,522.00
$24,010.00
36 $1,089,914.00 $73,215.00
$22,557.00
37 $2,011,619.00 $78,151.00
$28,035.00
38 $2,281,482.00 $85,753.00
$23,273.00
39 $921,194.00 $76,725.00
$20,106.00
40 $1,691,862.00 $67,237.00
$29,091.00
41 $1,268,440.00 $73,632.00
$28,556.00
42 $1,569,321.00 $80,347.00
$20,155.00
43 $823,068.00 $80,167.00
$19,767.00
44 $1,524,685.00 $75,288.00
$26,404.00
45 $1,908,126.00 $63,282.00
$25,759.00
46 $1,566,024.00 $69,968.00
$22,545.00
47 $1,619,888.00
48 $808,591.00
49 $1,040,239.00
50 $997,462.00
51 $801,630.00
52 $1,886,438.00
53 $864,289.00
54 $544,624.00
55 $1,287,403.00
56 $890,054.00
57 $2,239,090.00
58 $2,262,311.00
59 $1,080,190.00
60 $2,147,915.00
61 $2,396,990.00
62 $1,417,255.00
63 $1,157,278.00
64 $1,134,178.00
65 $2,345,258.00
66 $1,672,436.00
67 $2,345,143.00
68 $2,261,119.00
69 $1,866,284.00
70 $1,580,449.00
71 $646,655.00
72 $1,056,578.00
73 $1,732,073.00
74 $2,101,072.00
75 $718,115.00
76 $1,976,968.00
77 $2,021,155.00
78 $920,032.00
79 $1,176,260.00
80 $1,795,298.00
81 $1,238,913.00
82 $1,193,492.00
83 $1,917,295.00
84 $1,917,107.00
85 $1,111,683.00
86 $2,358,103.00
87 $1,512,228.00
88 $2,365,887.00
89 $1,220,109.00
90 $1,582,269.00
91 $1,694,185.00
92 $1,172,850.00
93 $719,072.00
$83,180.00
$68,919.00
$67,078.00
$75,289.00
$68,497.00
$67,231.00
$83,353.00
$81,315.00
$87,633.00
$56,083.00
$86,178.00
$57,910.00
$87,059.00
$80,572.00
$80,957.00
$58,839.00
$69,583.00
$80,016.00
$73,865.00
$81,601.00
$63,813.00
$76,714.00
$81,186.00
$73,410.00
$75,838.00
$74,259.00
$70,017.00
$87,546.00
$57,482.00
$77,448.00
$81,244.00
$68,843.00
$83,347.00
$84,689.00
$76,721.00
$73,115.00
$84,008.00
$63,529.00
$75,823.00
$62,489.00
$78,675.00
$77,698.00
$69,343.00
$87,323.00
$59,479.00
$56,737.00
$88,180.00
$28,056.00
$23,179.00
$19,997.00
$29,025.00
$18,740.00
$27,850.00
$21,987.00
$27,823.00
$22,756.00
$20,547.00
$27,994.00
$24,894.00
$24,367.00
$25,795.00
$19,901.00
$27,052.00
$28,822.00
$29,467.00
$19,903.00
$26,807.00
$18,103.00
$26,727.00
$25,151.00
$25,915.00
$26,430.00
$28,569.00
$22,004.00
$17,993.00
$22,655.00
$24,843.00
$24,262.00
$28,814.00
$19,435.00
$21,987.00
$22,590.00
$28,932.00
$21,393.00
$22,760.00
$20,284.00
$24,670.00
$22,574.00
$22,541.00
$18,787.00
$20,135.00
$23,110.00
$21,527.00
$21,478.00
94 $761,940.00
95 $654,623.00
96 $1,754,492.00
97 $2,100,389.00
98 $2,112,363.00
99 $1,900,468.00
100 $927,771.00
101 $1,335,138.00
102 $1,021,173.00
103 $1,146,799.00
104 $2,066,518.00
105 $1,932,132.00
106 $919,282.00
107 $2,141,066.00
108 $599,061.00
109 $1,411,500.00
110 $2,389,813.00
111 $2,377,562.00
112 $535,614.00
113 $2,147,780.00
114 $2,137,903.00
115 $1,230,437.00
116 $995,140.00
117 $1,387,932.00
118 $550,332.00
119 $653,114.00
120 $1,610,589.00
121 $1,459,722.00
122 $1,051,652.00
123 $941,630.00
124 $1,254,743.00
125 $1,218,564.00
126 $1,203,395.00
127 $550,153.00
128 $586,207.00
129 $2,128,845.00
130 $2,193,410.00
131 $533,211.00
132 $1,499,001.00
133 $1,232,044.00
134 $1,173,982.00
135 $1,735,144.00
136 $1,824,943.00
137 $1,943,972.00
138 $1,783,202.00
139 $615,007.00
140 $1,073,409.00
$70,907.00
$65,953.00
$63,005.00
$73,282.00
$72,606.00
$76,151.00
$85,190.00
$64,275.00
$77,647.00
$73,662.00
$57,254.00
$75,716.00
$82,506.00
$75,596.00
$62,359.00
$61,139.00
$72,706.00
$78,447.00
$76,687.00
$58,931.00
$57,422.00
$73,808.00
$62,161.00
$69,869.00
$86,126.00
$74,309.00
$85,271.00
$69,595.00
$87,409.00
$68,080.00
$59,737.00
$64,344.00
$59,236.00
$56,128.00
$72,952.00
$72,209.00
$84,652.00
$65,444.00
$85,194.00
$59,434.00
$83,325.00
$80,895.00
$60,482.00
$75,832.00
$70,814.00
$72,724.00
$73,356.00
$29,386.00
$19,344.00
$19,231.00
$20,066.00
$24,597.00
$23,548.00
$26,457.00
$24,610.00
$19,816.00
$24,943.00
$17,847.00
$23,913.00
$29,471.00
$27,372.00
$24,159.00
$26,711.00
$18,468.00
$27,798.00
$21,539.00
$29,267.00
$28,743.00
$29,166.00
$17,868.00
$26,738.00
$22,865.00
$26,982.00
$26,716.00
$22,494.00
$26,092.00
$27,530.00
$18,836.00
$20,925.00
$25,071.00
$23,266.00
$23,341.00
$28,773.00
$20,450.00
$20,040.00
$23,602.00
$19,998.00
$21,826.00
$22,102.00
$20,154.00
$26,613.00
$28,130.00
$28,755.00
$24,640.00
141 $1,324,584.00
142 $1,572,545.00
143 $2,142,207.00
144 $1,322,803.00
145 $955,162.00
146 $1,204,299.00
147 $1,247,238.00
148 $668,568.00
149 $901,037.00
150 $1,470,753.00
151 $2,241,978.00
152 $999,515.00
153 $2,281,842.00
154 $1,633,531.00
155 $1,193,062.00
156 $2,191,119.00
157 $1,030,840.00
158 $1,135,681.00
159 $2,300,149.00
160 $996,367.00
161 $1,950,032.00
162 $1,902,193.00
163 $1,943,646.00
164 $656,331.00
165 $1,407,348.00
166 $2,145,281.00
167 $1,771,726.00
168 $2,249,655.00
169 $1,133,698.00
170 $1,373,116.00
171 $1,606,126.00
172 $687,442.00
173 $2,207,122.00
174 $2,111,579.00
175 $1,596,675.00
176 $2,123,277.00
177 $2,389,076.00
178 $1,870,329.00
179 $1,154,544.00
180 $1,143,138.00
181 $1,294,604.00
182 $1,966,778.00
183 $515,820.00
184 $2,223,939.00
185 $1,956,787.00
186 $1,188,708.00
187 $1,597,823.00
$56,036.00
$59,405.00
$83,025.00
$82,618.00
$69,877.00
$69,888.00
$83,553.00
$71,330.00
$68,961.00
$60,016.00
$76,705.00
$59,058.00
$75,257.00
$77,013.00
$69,213.00
$81,676.00
$70,962.00
$80,343.00
$88,624.00
$59,992.00
$72,645.00
$70,097.00
$60,325.00
$73,410.00
$78,931.00
$88,810.00
$59,593.00
$69,797.00
$70,742.00
$76,342.00
$68,633.00
$70,880.00
$85,731.00
$64,977.00
$85,872.00
$58,092.00
$80,723.00
$59,693.00
$66,204.00
$74,878.00
$88,236.00
$70,841.00
$87,052.00
$76,689.00
$57,714.00
$64,546.00
$81,454.00
$28,007.00
$27,291.00
$27,538.00
$28,963.00
$20,216.00
$23,943.00
$22,312.00
$19,654.00
$25,080.00
$22,154.00
$17,901.00
$20,996.00
$23,574.00
$23,619.00
$25,855.00
$23,635.00
$19,786.00
$23,138.00
$22,954.00
$18,193.00
$22,088.00
$18,435.00
$27,499.00
$24,471.00
$22,677.00
$19,953.00
$25,434.00
$28,933.00
$18,208.00
$24,072.00
$22,686.00
$23,726.00
$22,326.00
$22,572.00
$21,387.00
$23,115.00
$27,666.00
$25,212.00
$21,491.00
$22,836.00
$26,604.00
$24,158.00
$28,152.00
$23,061.00
$19,884.00
$24,425.00
$27,510.00
188 $1,360,436.00
189 $519,655.00
190 $651,626.00
191 $1,063,954.00
192 $1,423,040.00
193 $645,388.00
194 $1,283,879.00
195 $2,049,640.00
196 $2,412,435.00
197 $887,789.00
198 $2,290,641.00
199 $1,590,895.00
200 $2,361,150.00
201 $2,142,241.00
202 $2,018,946.00
203 $1,426,128.00
204 $2,307,175.00
205 $2,359,559.00
206 $821,665.00
207 $1,866,668.00
208 $604,250.00
209 $1,969,455.00
210 $2,284,304.00
211 $851,326.00
212 $804,827.00
213 $703,472.00
214 $732,869.00
215 $1,532,699.00
216 $1,001,095.00
217 $2,017,591.00
218 $1,395,371.00
219 $880,326.00
220 $1,525,176.00
221 $1,428,854.00
222 $1,319,132.00
223 $515,776.00
224 $2,123,854.00
225 $2,010,794.00
226 $990,785.00
227 $603,132.00
228 $1,550,614.00
229 $1,360,328.00
230 $2,406,056.00
231 $1,375,610.00
232 $1,819,798.00
233 $1,150,208.00
234 $1,052,096.00
$81,669.00
$74,236.00
$57,153.00
$75,651.00
$84,311.00
$81,524.00
$85,012.00
$72,002.00
$78,743.00
$56,150.00
$63,763.00
$84,386.00
$68,802.00
$64,416.00
$72,226.00
$56,606.00
$69,290.00
$56,410.00
$74,653.00
$59,957.00
$76,469.00
$62,555.00
$58,962.00
$78,286.00
$78,756.00
$71,453.00
$60,495.00
$69,098.00
$81,025.00
$83,820.00
$83,098.00
$68,715.00
$78,973.00
$83,654.00
$56,985.00
$79,818.00
$63,507.00
$78,581.00
$63,971.00
$87,000.00
$87,257.00
$60,054.00
$85,079.00
$82,593.00
$73,386.00
$62,494.00
$64,618.00
$21,335.00
$17,838.00
$18,357.00
$18,936.00
$26,813.00
$24,561.00
$27,877.00
$21,578.00
$21,039.00
$18,591.00
$20,787.00
$22,510.00
$19,429.00
$24,386.00
$21,395.00
$23,506.00
$23,132.00
$28,282.00
$17,632.00
$26,226.00
$28,895.00
$25,287.00
$18,274.00
$22,293.00
$21,863.00
$28,461.00
$25,047.00
$20,994.00
$25,177.00
$23,090.00
$26,715.00
$18,865.00
$26,175.00
$22,420.00
$25,476.00
$23,892.00
$23,303.00
$20,786.00
$17,590.00
$25,750.00
$17,557.00
$28,009.00
$27,580.00
$24,851.00
$27,438.00
$20,810.00
$21,318.00
235 $689,215.00
236 $628,382.00
237 $1,319,461.00
238 $2,172,774.00
239 $1,531,918.00
240 $1,993,862.00
241 $958,446.00
$84,406.00
$77,514.00
$61,778.00
$66,558.00
$82,419.00
$58,677.00
$56,712.00
$22,988.00
$22,015.00
$17,641.00
$19,540.00
$29,276.00
$28,344.00
$28,564.00